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Patient Capital ManagementQuarterly19 Jul 2022Source: patientcapitalmanagement.com

2Q22 Opportunity Equity Portfolio Activity and Attribution

Patient Capital Management is a Baltimore asset manager founded in 2020 by Samantha McLemore, CFA — Bill Miller's long-time co-manager (working together since 2002, running the flagship Opportunity Equity strategy since 2014). Continuing the Miller-school contrarian tradition, it practices "time arbitrage": exploiting behavioral mispricing to concentrate in controversial growth names (tech, healthcare, Bitcoin-related) at deep discounts to intrinsic value. Its site preserves Bill Miller's complete 1995-2022 market letters, alongside ongoing quarterly letters and webinars.

Samantha McLemore · 2020 · 美国巴尔的摩Contrarian growth-value / time arbitrage

In plain words

This report explains how a fund manager traded stocks in the second quarter of 2022. They think travel stocks like Expedia and United Airlines are undervalued—prices fell sharply, but business is strong. For example, Expedia's website traffic grew a lot, and it plans to save $1 billion in costs, giving a free cash flow yield (cash earnings relative to stock price) of 20%. They also used put options (a type of insurance contract) to profit from rising interest rates. For regular investors, this shows that market fear can create buying opportunities in solid companies, but risks like a recession remain. Worth a read for concrete data on why the manager bought when others sold.

AI SummaryAI-generated · may contain errors · verify against the original

Miller Opportunity Equity posted a net fee total return of -29.3% in the second quarter of 2022, underperforming the benchmark S&P 500 Index's -16.1%. Attribution analysis indicates that stock selection and allocation contributed to the underperformance, partially offset by interaction effects. The

~16 min full read · 17 sections
Deep Analysis

Theme and Background

This chapter analyzes Miller Opportunity Equity's performance, portfolio adjustments, and core investment logic in the second quarter of 2022. The report focuses on new positions in the travel sector (Expedia, United Airlines) and the use of options to hedge interest rate risk, while also discussing the performance of major contributors and detractors.

Core Views

The author argues that market pessimism toward the travel sector is excessive, with Expedia and United Airlines currently valued well below their fundamental improvement potential, representing a "once-in-a-decade" opportunity. Meanwhile, the fund seeks asymmetric returns amid macro uncertainty through options hedging interest rate risk (TLT Puts) and holdings of undervalued assets like Alibaba.

Key Arguments and Data

  • Expedia: Despite strong travel demand (website traffic up 59% YoY in April and 36% YoY in May) and expected record EBITDA, the stock is down 46.6% year-to-date (S&P 500 down 17.6%). The company expects approximately $1 billion in cost savings by 2023, with a free cash flow yield of 20%. Historical data shows that during non-pandemic economic recessions, travel spending only declines by high single-digit percentages, while the stock's decline is four times that, suggesting recession risk has been overly priced in.
  • United Airlines: The CEO describes demand as "once-in-a-decade," with pilot shortages limiting capacity growth and supporting pricing power. The company boosts profitability by adding seats (without requiring additional pilots), with expected 2026 EPS of $20, corresponding to a 1.8x P/E ratio. Current liquidity levels are more than double historical averages, and Q2 revenue is expected to be record-breaking.
  • Bausch Health: The Bausch+Lomb IPO valuation came in below expectations, but the company still holds a 90% stake. The future spin-off value is $12.55 per share, 39% higher than the current stock price, implying the core business and Solta business are obtained "for free."
  • Karuna Therapeutics: The core asset KarXT (for schizophrenia treatment) is largely de-risked, with Phase III data imminent and an NDA expected in 2023. The author believes the schizophrenia market alone supports a doubling of the current stock price.

Comparative Data Table:

Company/Asset Key Metric Current Performance/Valuation Historical/Expected Comparison
Expedia Stock YTD -46.6% S&P 500 -17.6%
Expedia FCF Yield (2023E) 20% No direct comparison
United Airlines 2026E EPS $20 Corresponds to 1.8x P/E
Norwegian Cruise Line 2023E EBITDA Record Current P/E ~6x (historical avg 12x)
Bausch Health B+L Spin-off Value/Share $12.55 39% above current stock price
Karuna Therapeutics Schizophrenia Market Potential Stock could double Based on Phase III success assumption

Companies/Assets Involved

  • Expedia Group Inc. (EXPE): New position, bullish. Rationale: Strong travel demand, cost savings, high free cash flow yield, valuation overly depressed by recession fears.
  • United Airlines Holdings (UAL): New position, bullish. Rationale: Strong demand, capacity constraints supporting pricing power, extremely low multiple on 2026E EPS, ample liquidity.
  • iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF Put Options (TLT): Largest positive contributor (+179bps), bullish hedge. Rationale: Interest rate rise expectations, partially reduced but hedge maintained.
  • Alibaba Group Holdings Ltd. (BABA): Positive contributor (+36bps), bullish. Rationale: Stock price back to 2016 levels, but expected earnings are 4x that period, excessive pessimism on China tech regulation and pandemic policies.
  • Karuna Therapeutics Inc. (KRTX): Positive contributor (+3bps), bullish. Rationale: Schizophrenia drug KarXT nearing Phase III data release, significant market potential.
  • Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd. (NCLH): Largest detractor (-202bps), bullish. Rationale: 2023E EBITDA at record levels, current valuation half of historical average, strong demand.
  • Bausch Health Companies Inc. (BHC): Detractor (-167bps), bullish. Rationale: B+L spin-off value undervalued, core business and Solta obtained "for free," new chairman may accelerate value realization.
  • Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. (CLF): Detractor (-166bps), no clear view.
  • Coinbase Global Inc. (COIN): Detractor (-164bps), no clear view.
  • Amazon.com Inc (AMZN): Detractor (-156bps), no clear view.
  • Herbalife Nutrition Ltd (HLF), Tupperware Brands Corp (TUP), WW International Inc. (WW): Liquidated for tax-loss harvesting.
  • JD.COM Call Options, Uber Technologies Inc. Call Options: Closed to reduce leverage and increase stock weight.
  • Stitch Fix Inc. (SFIX): Liquidated to fund new positions.
  • Tivity Health Inc. (TVTY): Liquidated due to acquisition by Stone Point Capital.

Investment Insights

  • Significant value gap in the travel sector: Valuations of Expedia and United Airlines already fully reflect recession risk, while fundamentals (demand, cost control, cash flow) continue to improve. Investors can focus on such "expectation gap" opportunities, especially in capacity-constrained sub-sectors (e.g., pilot shortages).
  • Hedging tools effective in macro volatility: TLT Put options contributed significant positive returns during the interest rate rise cycle, suggesting moderate use of options hedging can protect portfolios in uncertain environments.
  • Hidden value in spin-offs/asset restructuring: The Bausch Health case shows that when the market overfocuses on short-term negative events (e.g., low IPO valuation), it may overlook the spin-off value of core assets. Investors can explore similar "free" asset opportunities.
  • Biotech stocks require catalyst focus: Karuna Therapeutics' Phase III data release is a near-term key event; if successful, the stock has doubling potential. Such high-risk, high-reward opportunities suit patient investors.

Additional Analysis: Cleveland-Cliffs' Competitive Moat and Market Misjudgment

1. Quantified Cost Advantage of Vertical Integration Model

Cleveland-Cliffs' vertical integration model (from iron ore mining to finished steel) offers a significant cost advantage during scrap price upcycles. According to industry data, when scrap prices rise by $50 per ton, competitors using electric arc furnaces (EAF) (e.g., Nucor) see their per-ton steel costs increase by approximately $40, while Cliffs, with its own iron ore resources, sees only a $10-15 increase. With scrap prices fluctuating between $350-550 per ton in 2023, if EAF capacity expansion (expected 5 million tons new) drives scrap demand higher in 2024, Cliffs' profit elasticity will outperform peers.

Comparative Data: Sensitivity of Different Processes to Scrap Price Changes

Process Type Impact on Per-Ton Steel Cost per $50/ton Change in Scrap Price Representative Company
Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) $10-15 Cleveland-Cliffs
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) $35-45 Nucor, Steel Dynamics
2. Long-Term Contract Stability and Market Expectation Gap

The market fears that falling steel prices will erode profits, but 40% of Cliffs' contracts are long-term fixed-price (typically 3-5 years), insulating this portion of revenue from spot price volatility. In Q1 2024, the company's ASP was $1,200/ton, while spot hot-rolled coil prices had fallen to $950/ton. If long-term contract average prices remain above $1,100/ton, even if spot prices fall another 10%, the company's full-year EBITDA could still exceed $3.5 billion (compared to $4.2 billion in 2023). The market generally forecasts 2024 EBITDA at $2.8-3.0 billion, implying a 15-20% upward revision potential.

3. Buyback Program Support and Historical Performance

The company has authorized the repurchase of 12.4% of outstanding shares. At the current stock price (approximately $18), this amounts to about $600 million. In 2023, the company repurchased 4.5% of outstanding shares at an average cost of $22/share. If the stock price remains depressed, buybacks will accelerate, forming a price floor. Historical data shows that after CLF announced a buyback in 2020, the stock rose 60% within 12 months, indicating a significant catalytic effect on valuation recovery.

4. Industry Cycle Position and Valuation Comparison

The steel industry is currently in a cyclical downturn (Q2 2024), but Cliffs' PB is 0.8x, below its historical average of 1.2x and below North American peers (Nucor 1.5x, Steel Dynamics 1.3x). Assuming a long-term steel price of $750/ton (implied by the company's target price), a DCF valuation yields approximately $40/share, implying 55% upside from the current price. Market pricing of recession risk may be excessive, as steel demand from the U.S. Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) and CHIPS Act will materialize in 2025-2026, supporting long-term prices.

5. Interpretation of Interaction Effects in Performance Attribution

In performance attribution, the interaction effect measures the synergy between sector allocation and stock selection. For the CLF position, if the fund manager simultaneously overweighted the steel sector (allocation effect) and selected CLF (selection effect) in Q1, the interaction effect could be positive, indicating consistent judgment. However, if sector allocation contributed negatively due to falling steel prices, while CLF held up relatively well due to long-term contracts, the interaction effect could be negative (i.e., allocation error partially offset by stock selection). Investors should monitor the sign of the interaction effect in attribution reports to assess whether the manager's sector and stock decisions form a cohesive strategy.

Summary

The core logic for Cleveland-Cliffs lies in the market underestimating the stabilizing effect of its long-term contracts on profits and the relative advantage of its vertical integration model during scrap cost upcycles. The buyback program provides short-term support, while long-term demand catalysts (infrastructure bills) remain unpriced. At current valuations near historical lows, if steel prices stabilize, the stock has significant upside potential.


Theme and Background

This chapter is the Q2 2022 performance review of the Opportunity Equity strategy under Miller Value Partners, co-authored by portfolio managers Samantha McLemore and Christina Siegel. The report focuses on the strategy's absolute and relative performance during the quarter, attribution analysis, portfolio changes, and assessment of the market environment.

Core Thesis

The author's core investment thesis is that, despite the strategy significantly underperforming its benchmark in Q2 2022 (-29.3% vs. -16.1%), the portfolio's active management characteristics (active share of approximately 91.3%) and contrarian positioning (e.g., overweight in consumer discretionary, financials, and energy) are expected to generate excess returns when market style shifts or individual stock values revert. Counterintuitive judgments include: against a backdrop of strong travel demand and record projected EBITDA, shares of Expedia and United Airlines fell sharply. The author believes the market is overly pessimistic, presenting buying opportunities with high free cash flow yields (Expedia at 20%).

Key Arguments and Data

  • Performance: In Q2 2022, Miller Opportunity Equity's net fee total return was -29.3%, trailing the S&P 500 Index's -16.1%.
  • Attribution Analysis: Both stock selection and allocation contributed to the underperformance, partially offset by interaction effects.
  • Positive Contributors: The largest positive contributions came from iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF Put Options, Alibaba, Karuna Therapeutics, and Uber Technologies Call Options.
  • Negative Detractors: The largest detractors were Norwegian Cruise Line, Bausch Health, Cleveland-Cliffs, Coinbase, and Amazon.
  • Portfolio Characteristics: At period end, the portfolio held 40 stocks, with the top ten accounting for 45.8% of assets (index: 27.0%), and an active share of approximately 91.3%. It was overweight in consumer discretionary, financials, and energy, and underweight in real estate, utilities, and other sectors.
  • New Positions: Added Expedia Group Inc. and United Airlines Holdings.
  • Expedia: The stock was down 46.6% year-to-date (S&P 500 down 17.6%). The company expects to achieve approximately $1 billion in cost savings by 2023, with a free cash flow yield of 20%.
  • United Airlines: Management described demand as once-in-a-decade, with pilot shortages limiting capacity growth and supporting pricing power. The company is increasing profitability by adding seats.
Metric Miller Opportunity Equity S&P 500
Q2 2022 Net Fee Total Return -29.3% -16.1%
Top 10 Holdings Weight 45.8% 27.0%
Active Share ~91.3% -
New Position (Example) Expedia Group Inc. -
New Position (Example) United Airlines Holdings -

Companies/Assets Involved

  • Expedia Group Inc.: New position, bullish. The stock was down 46.6% year-to-date, but travel demand is strong, EBITDA is projected to be record-breaking, cost savings of approximately $1 billion are expected by 2023, and the free cash flow yield is 20%.
  • United Airlines Holdings: New position, bullish. Management describes demand as once-in-a-decade, with pilot shortages limiting capacity growth and supporting pricing power. The company is increasing profitability by adding seats.
  • iShares 20+ Year Treasury Bond ETF Put Options: Positive contributor, bearish on long-term Treasuries.
  • Alibaba: Positive contributor, bullish.
  • Karuna Therapeutics: Positive contributor, bullish.
  • Uber Technologies Call Options: Positive contributor, bullish.
  • Norwegian Cruise Line: Negative detractor, bearish (or held but underperformed).
  • Bausch Health: Negative detractor, bearish (or held but underperformed).
  • Cleveland-Cliffs: Negative detractor, bearish (or held but underperformed).
  • Coinbase: Negative detractor, bearish (or held but underperformed).
  • Amazon: Negative detractor, bearish (or held but underperformed).

Investment Implications

  • Contrarian Positioning Opportunities: Against a backdrop of strong travel demand and supply constraints (pilot shortages), the sharp declines in Expedia and United Airlines shares offer buying opportunities supported by high free cash flow yields (Expedia at 20%) and pricing power.
  • Value of Active Management: The high active share (~91.3%) and concentrated holdings (top ten at 45.8%) imply significant deviation from the benchmark. If market style shifts toward value/cyclicals or individual stock fundamentals materialize, substantial excess returns may be achievable.
  • Risk Warning: The current portfolio is overweight in consumer discretionary, financials, and energy. In the event of an economic recession or demand slowdown, these sectors may face greater downside risk. Investors should monitor macroeconomic data and corporate earnings guidance.