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Colossus (Invest Like the Best / Business Breakdowns)Podcast4 Sep 2024Source: joincolossus.comHost: Colossus

Renishaw: The Precision Pioneers - [Business Breakdowns, EP.181]

In plain words

This is about Renishaw, a UK company making high-precision measurement tools for chips, planes, and medical devices—like selling shovels to gold miners. Fund manager Matt Tonge thinks the firm has long-term strength but suffers from customer investment cycles, causing volatile results. He likes its founder culture: heavy R&D spending (£800 million over 9 years) and ignoring Wall Street. Key holdings: Renishaw (£690 million revenue, founders own ~50%); Hexagon (Swedish rival in precision measurement); Apple (known customer, unnamed).

AI SummaryAI-generated · may contain errors · verify against the original

Renishaw is a supplier specializing in high-precision measurement and manufacturing systems, serving fast-growing end markets such as semiconductors, robotics, and medical devices. The core thesis is that the company occupies a unique position in precision tools through its "picks and shovels" model

~13 min full read · 9 sections
Deep Analysis

Renishaw: The Precision Pioneers – Analysis

At a Glance

Matt Tonge (Portfolio Manager at Liontrust Asset Management) deconstructs Renishaw—a UK-based company specializing in high-precision measurement and manufacturing systems. The core thesis: Renishaw serves as a "picks and shovels" supplier to high-growth end markets such as semiconductors, aerospace, and medical devices. Its business model is highly dependent on customer capital expenditure cycles, but sustained R&D investment and a founder-driven culture have built a deep moat. Matt Tonge argues that Renishaw's long-term competitive advantage stems from a founder culture of "continuously investing in products to drive competitive advantage," rather than short-term financial optimization—a culture that has delivered approximately 125x share price returns over 38 years, even with an initial valuation of 20x P/E.


Theme 1: What Renishaw Does – The Business Nature of "Metrology"

Matt Tonge believes that Renishaw's core is "metrology" – the science of measurement, rather than mere tool manufacturing.

  • Business Positioning: Renishaw produces thousands of products, whose core function is to measure manufactured parts or set up machines to achieve manufacturing processes with less waste, higher efficiency, and reduced manual intervention. Matt Tonge summarizes this as "precision management."
  • Two Sales Models:
  • Embedded in OEM Equipment: Renishaw's probes are installed on CNC machine tools from manufacturers such as Fanuc, used to measure metal thickness or surface finish after cutting. This is the company's original business model.
  • Proprietary Standalone Equipment: Examples include the Equator comparator gauge, used for batch measurement of parts on production lines, as well as proprietary products such as medical devices and Raman microscopes.
  • End-Market Distribution (based on analyst estimates; the company itself does not disclose a detailed breakdown):
  • The manufacturing technologies segment accounts for approximately 94% of sales, of which: precision measurement (CNC machine tools, coordinate measuring machines) is the primary component; position measurement (encoders) accounts for about 35-36% of this segment; additive manufacturing (3D printing) accounts for roughly 7%.
  • End industries: precision manufacturing (largest), automotive (approximately 17%), aerospace, consumer electronics (Apple is a well-known customer), and semiconductor equipment manufacturing (the area with the highest concentration of single large customers).

Matt Tonge notes: "If you listen to analyst conference calls, they are always asking when semiconductors will recover – because that is the only thing they can model with relative accuracy."


Theme 2: Revenue Model — One-Time Sales, but Customers Repurchase

Matt Tonge believes that Renishaw's revenue is essentially "non-recurring but repeatable" — the products are not prone to wear, yet existing customers continue to purchase new equipment.

  • Revenue Nature: Primarily one-time revenue from selling tools/equipment, with a gross margin of approximately 60%. These precision components "do not wear out easily," so new revenue mainly comes from customers' new capital expenditures (new factories, new production lines, new-generation chips).
  • Customer Stickiness Data: In the encoder and precision measurement probe segments, approximately 70-80% of revenue comes from existing customers. Matt Tonge explains: "These existing customers must successfully sell their machine tools to others before Renishaw can secure orders."
  • Software Efforts: The company is attempting to increase recurring revenue by connecting factory equipment and offering data analytics software, but "it cannot significantly change the overall picture at this stage."
  • Extremely Short Order Visibility: The average order window is only about 2 months. Matt Tonge describes: "As a listed company, this means their performance always swings between beating expectations and falling short."

Matt Tonge emphasizes: "What drives Renishaw's revenue is capital expenditure — new companies building factory equipment generate large sales."


Theme 3: Origins and Founder Culture — From Concorde Engines to a Global Leader

Matt Tonge believes that Renishaw’s success is rooted in the engineering culture of its founder, David McMurtry — sustained investment in R&D, cultivation of internal talent, and a refusal to cater to capital markets.

  • Origin Story: In 1973, mechanical engineer David McMurtry (then Chief Designer at Rolls-Royce, working on the Olympus engine project for the Concorde aircraft), frustrated by the inability to precisely measure the engine manufacturing process, invented the "touch trigger probe" with colleague John Deer in a home workshop.
  • Development Milestones:
  • 1976: Moved into the first workshop with 20 employees
  • 1981: Established Renishaw Incorporated
  • 1983: Listed in London, with sales of $6.5 million, a market cap of approximately $20 million, and profits of £1 million
  • 2021: Founders attempted to sell the company but failed to find a suitable buyer ("unable to achieve an outcome satisfactory to all stakeholders")
  • 2024: Siemens expressed acquisition interest
  • Shareholding Structure: David McMurtry and John Deer still control approximately half of the equity — Matt Tonge notes that "this is very rare for a company of this size in the UK."
  • Cultural Characteristics: The company does not proactively meet with analysts and holds only one Capital Markets Day per year; 6% of employees are apprentices or graduates trained in-house. Matt Tonge comments: "They don’t want to deal with the City — just run the company well, and the numbers will speak for themselves."

Matt Tonge points out: "If you were a private equity firm, you could buy it and say, ‘R&D will only be 10% from now on’ — that would release a lot of profit. But that’s not what the founders want."


Theme 4: Competitive Landscape and Moat — R&D Investment and Global Service Network

Matt Tonge believes Renishaw’s moat stems from three elements: sustained R&D investment, a global technical support network, and customer switching costs.

  • Key competitors (by segment):
  • Precision measurement: Hexagon (listed in Sweden), Carl Zeiss
  • Position measurement (encoders): Heidenhain
  • Additive manufacturing: multiple small competitors
  • Medical/analytical equipment: Bruker, Thermo Fisher
  • Renishaw’s uniqueness: Matt Tonge notes that "no global pure-play metrology competitor is like Renishaw" — most competitors are a division of a larger conglomerate.
  • R&D investment: Cumulative R&D spending over the past 9 years (2014–2023) totals approximately £800 million, representing 13–14% of sales (typical industrial companies spend around 10%). In 2023, R&D spending was about £100 million.
  • Global presence: Technical centers in 67 countries, with engineers on the ground helping customers set up machines and solve problems.
  • Customer stickiness mechanism: End markets (automotive, aerospace) have long product life cycles (e.g., the VW Polo is produced for 10 years before a model change). Once Renishaw is specified, subsequent iterations naturally continue the collaboration.

Matt Tonge adds: "They do mention low-cost competition from China, but if you manufacture in the UK, trying to win on price alone won’t work."


Theme 5: Investment Perspective — Cycles, Valuation, and Long-Term Logic

Matt Tonge believes that the core of investing in Renishaw lies in assessing whether its current large-scale investments will generate returns over the next 5-6 years, rather than fixating on short-term cyclical fluctuations.

  • Current Financial Performance:
  • 2023 revenue: £690 million
  • Targets: Mid-to-high single-digit organic growth, 20%+ EBIT margin, 15% return on invested capital
  • Actual performance over the past 10 years: Approximately 10% revenue growth, 13.5% cash flow return on invested capital (twice the average of UK equities)
  • Capital Expenditure Cycle: Capital expenditure in 2023-2024 is approximately £70-80 million (higher than the normal annual level of £30-40 million), primarily used to expand the Miskin factory in Wales (increasing capacity by about 50%) and additive manufacturing capacity.
  • Bearish View:
  • 2018 was the peak profit year (coinciding with David McMurtry stepping down as Executive Chairman), and profits have not reached new highs in the subsequent six years
  • Asset utilization (sales/asset base) is deteriorating: Cash flow return was 19% in 2018, but the forecast for 2024 is only 6.5%
  • The additive manufacturing division, established nine years ago (2015 to present), still does not report revenue separately; analysts estimate it at approximately £30-40 million
  • Valuation Framework: Matt Tonge adopts a "counter-cyclical" strategy — "When it looks really cheap, it's often at a profit peak, and you want to sell rather than buy; and vice versa." Current valuation is considered "fair" within the industrial sector.
  • Long-Term Perspective: Matt Tonge's team leader Anthony has held Renishaw since 1997 and has never sold. Matt Tonge concludes: "If you bought at the IPO with a 20x P/E and held for 38 years, you still achieved a return of about 125x. Over the long term, valuation matters less."

Matt Tonge emphasizes: "The key question is: Have these investments changed the nature of the company? Has competition intensified? Can R&D spending still generate returns? We tend to believe the latter."


Mentioned Positions

Position Analyst View Key Data
Renishaw Bullish (long-term hold) 2023 revenue £690 million; target 20%+ EBIT margin; 13.5% cash flow return over the past 10 years; founder ownership ~50%
Hexagon Competitor Listed in Sweden, major competitor in precision measurement
Carl Zeiss Competitor Precision measurement field
Heidenhain Competitor Position measurement (encoder) field
Fanuc Partner/Customer Machine tool manufacturer, Renishaw probes installed on its equipment
Apple Customer (not explicitly stated) Well-known customer in consumer electronics
Siemens Potential acquirer Expressed acquisition interest in 2024
Bruker Competitor Medical/analytical equipment field
Thermo Fisher Competitor Medical/analytical equipment field

Judgments Worth Remembering

1. Matt Tonge believes Renishaw’s moat stems from a founder-led culture of "continuous investment in products to drive competitive advantage," rather than short-term financial optimization. The company has accumulated £800 million in R&D spending over the past nine years (13-14% of sales), holds 1,500 patents, and files approximately 100 new patents annually.

2. Matt Tonge points out that Renishaw’s revenue is inherently "non-recurring but repeatable"—products are not easily worn out, yet 70-80% of revenue comes from existing customers. This means the company’s growth depends on customers’ new capital expenditure rather than replacement demand.

3. Matt Tonge emphasizes that Renishaw’s order visibility is only about two months, leading to persistent earnings volatility. "As a listed company, this means their results are always swinging between beating expectations and missing them."

4. Matt Tonge believes that investing in Renishaw requires a "counter-cyclical" strategy—"When it looks really cheap, that’s often the earnings peak, and you want to sell rather than buy; and vice versa." 2018 was the peak profit year, and profits have not reached new highs in the six years since.

5. Matt Tonge notes that Renishaw’s asset utilization is deteriorating—cash flow return on assets was 19% in 2018, but is forecast at only 6.5% for 2024. The core question is whether the current large-scale capital expenditure (expanding factories by 50%) can generate sufficient sales returns in 2026-2028.

6. Matt Tonge believes that the founder ownership structure of approximately 50% is both an advantage and a risk. The advantage is that management is not pressured by short-term capital markets; the risk is that the founders will eventually exit, and new management may change capital allocation strategies (e.g., cutting R&D, increasing buybacks).

7. Matt Tonge summarizes a long-term investment lesson: "If you bought Renishaw at 20x P/E at its IPO and held for 38 years, you still achieved a return of about 125x. Over the long term, valuation matters less—what matters is competitive advantage and return on capital."

8. Matt Tonge points out that additive manufacturing (3D printing) is Renishaw’s biggest uncertainty. This division, established nine years ago (2015 to present), has yet to disclose revenue separately; analysts estimate it at around £30-40 million. In 2020, it underwent a £17.5 million restructuring. However, the company’s latest software innovation (the laser can follow the scraper’s movement) has improved production efficiency by approximately 100%, which could become a breakthrough point.