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SprottDeep research13 Jun 2023Source: sprott.com

Geopolitical Risks Enhance Gold’s Role as a Reserve Asset

Sprott is a Toronto-headquartered asset manager specializing in precious metals and critical materials (NYSE/TSX: SII), tracing its roots to Sprott Securities founded by Eric Sprott in 1981 and now led by CEO Whitney George. It runs physical gold, silver and uranium trusts, ETFs, active strategies and resource lending, with about $65bn in AUM. The Insights column carries monthly commentaries and white papers on uranium, gold, silver, copper and critical materials by Paul Wong, Jacob White and John Hathaway (ex-Tocqueville gold manager) — note the house's structurally bullish commodity stance, as it sells the corresponding trusts and ETFs.

Eric Sprott、Whitney George · 1981 · 加拿大多伦多Precious metals & critical materials

In plain words

This report explains why gold is becoming more important. The key idea: central banks (like China's) are buying gold at record levels—three times more than before—while regular investors are selling very little. This gap means investment demand for gold will likely have to rise, pushing prices up. The report also warns that a flood of new US Treasury bonds could shake markets, making gold—a neutral asset not tied to any country—even more attractive. In short, central banks are hoarding gold while investors sit on the sidelines, a setup that historically leads to higher gold prices. Worth reading for the clear data behind the bullish case.

AI SummaryAI-generated · may contain errors · verify against the original

Sprott's report points out that central banks have accelerated gold purchases due to de-dollarization, reserve diversification, and hedging against inflation, with gold's role as a neutral reserve asset becoming increasingly prominent. Despite record central bank gold buying, investment-driven selli

~8 min full read · 10 sections
Deep Analysis

Theme and Background

This chapter focuses on the performance of the gold market in May 2023 and structural shifts in demand. The report notes that despite a short-term pullback in gold prices, a stark contrast emerges between record central bank gold purchases and the exhaustion of investment selling. Gold is transitioning from a financial asset to a neutral reserve asset. Gold closed at $1,962.73 in May, down 1.37% for the month, but still up 7.60% year-to-date.

Core Thesis

The author’s central judgment is: Gold’s investment selling has neared exhaustion, and future investment demand will likely be forced to rebound. The contrarian view lies in the fact that the market broadly focuses on the short-term pullback in gold prices (down 1.37% in May), but the author argues this is merely technical consolidation under thin liquidity, not a trend reversal. The annualized rate of central bank gold purchases has reached 1,456 tonnes, nearly three times the previous annualized rate of 506 tonnes, while CFTC and ETF investment flows have fallen to their lowest levels since 2018, creating a record gap of 1,800 tonnes.

Key Arguments and Data

1. Central Bank Purchases Continue to Accelerate: Net purchases in Q1 2023 totaled 243 tonnes. Since Q3 2022, the annualized purchase rate has been 1,456 tonnes, 2.88 times the previous annualized rate of 506 tonnes. Drivers include de-dollarization, sanctions/asset seizure risks, weaponization of the dollar, hedging against inflation, and counterparty risk amid geopolitical tensions.

2. Strong Chinese Demand: The PBOC has increased its gold holdings monthly since October 2022, with reserves reaching 67.30 million ounces (2,092 tonnes) as of May 31, a record high. The Shanghai gold premium has remained above its 10-year average since October 2022.

3. Exhaustion of Investment Selling: During the May pullback, CFTC long positions only reduced by approximately 5 million ounces, with no active short selling; ETF holdings edged up 0.75% (to 94.16 million ounces), with no sell-off. The gap between central bank purchases and investment flows stands at 1,800 tonnes, the highest on record.

4. Market Liquidity Risks: Net issuance of U.S. Treasury bonds is expected to increase in the second half of 2023, potentially triggering liquidity challenges that could lead to asset price declines, tighter liquidity, and banking sector stress. In May, the U.S. dollar index rose 2.62% to 104.33, exacerbating the pullback in high-beta assets (silver down 6.26%, gold mining stocks down 8.78%).

Comparative Data Table:

Indicator 5/31/2023 4/30/2023 Monthly Change Monthly % Change YTD % Change
Gold Spot $1,962.73 $1,990.00 -$27.27 -1.37% +7.60%
Silver Spot $23.49 $25.05 -$1.57 -6.26% -1.96%
NYSE Arca Gold Miners 858.10 940.72 -82.62 -8.78% +6.53%
U.S. Dollar Index 104.33 101.66 +2.67 +2.62% +0.78%
S&P 500 Equal Weight Index -3.99% -1.43%

Companies/Assets Involved

  • Gold Spot: Bullish. The author views the pullback as technical consolidation, with support at the 100-day moving average and the uptrend line since November 2022.
  • Silver Spot: Neutral to bearish. Down 6.26% in May and 1.96% year-to-date, classified by the author as a high-beta asset with greater volatility during liquidity tightening.
  • NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index: Neutral to bearish. Down 8.78% in May, the largest pullback, but still up 6.53% year-to-date.
  • Gold ETF (GTOTL): Bullish signal. Holdings edged up 0.75% to 94.16 million ounces, indicating no systemic selling.
  • Silver ETF (ETSITOTL): Neutral. Holdings edged down 0.37%, flat since Q4 2022.
  • PBOC (People's Bank of China): Continuously increasing holdings, with reserves at a record high of 2,092 tonnes.

Investment Implications

1. Go Long Gold: The extreme divergence between central bank purchases and exhausted investment selling suggests investment demand will likely be forced to rebound, with upside risks for gold prices outweighing downside risks.

2. Monitor Liquidity Risks: A surge in U.S. Treasury issuance in the second half of 2023 could trigger market turmoil, benefiting gold as a neutral reserve asset and safe-haven tool.

3. Avoid High-Beta Assets: In an environment of a strengthening dollar and tightening liquidity, silver and gold mining stocks face greater short-term volatility. Priority should be given to allocating physical gold or gold ETFs.

4. Focus on Chinese Demand: The PBOC’s continued accumulation and elevated Shanghai premiums indicate strong structural demand for gold from China, providing key support for gold prices.


Theme and Background

This chapter focuses on how three structural factors—the de-dollarization process, rising geopolitical risks, and supply pressure in the U.S. Treasury market—collectively form a long-term bullish thesis for gold. The report argues that these factors are driving gold's reintegration into the international financial system as a neutral reserve asset.

Core Thesis

The author's core judgment is: Gold is gradually returning to the international financial system, becoming a neutral reserve asset for settling multi-currency energy and commodity trades. This trend is long-term and structural, not short-term cyclical.

Counter-intuitive/contrarian market views:

1. Although the U.S. dollar will remain the anchor currency in the short term, the weaponization of the dollar is the most powerful non-economic driver of de-dollarization, and its impact is underestimated by the market.

2. The U.S. Treasury market may face a net issuance pressure of approximately $2 trillion in the second half of 2023. This scale has never coincided with the current multiple risks (liquidity, credit, inflation, banking stress) in history, which is highly favorable for gold.

Key Arguments and Data

1. De-dollarization Process:

  • The U.S. dollar's share of global foreign exchange reserves has been declining since peaking in the late 1990s (Figure 6).
  • The renminbi accounts for only about 2% of global reserves, far below its share of global GDP (~15%), global trade (~12%), and the IMF SDR basket (10.9%), indicating significant room for growth.
  • Total global foreign exchange reserves are estimated at approximately $12 trillion. Even marginal percentage changes correspond to massive dollar amounts.

2. Geopolitical Risks and Gold:

  • The global oil trade is roughly 15 times the size of the gold market. If gold is used to settle multi-currency energy trades, this would constitute a long-term bullish factor.
  • The trend toward nationalization of commodities (driven by national economic security concerns) will exacerbate counterparty risk globally. Sovereign gold held by central banks can serve as a neutral reserve asset to hedge against such risks.

3. U.S. Treasury Supply Shock:

  • Net issuance of U.S. Treasuries in the second half of 2023 is estimated at approximately $2 trillion, comprising:
  • Fiscal deficit: approximately $1.1 trillion
  • Rebuilding the Treasury General Account (TGA): $400-500 billion
  • Federal Reserve quantitative tightening (QT): $540 billion
  • The market may struggle to absorb this supply, leading to asset price declines, rising yields, and credit tightening. The MOVE index (bond volatility) and the Bloomberg U.S. Government Securities Liquidity Index are key indicators for monitoring market stress (Figure 7).

Companies/Assets Involved

Asset/Indicator Role/Data View
Gold Spot $1,962.73 (5/31), YTD +7.60% Bullish. Continued central bank buying + convergence of multiple risks may drive gold prices higher
Silver Down 6.26% in May No clear bullish/bearish view
NYSE Arca Gold Miners Index Down 8.78% in May No clear bullish/bearish view
U.S. Treasuries Net issuance ~$2 trillion in H2 2023 Bearish. Supply pressure may lead to market dysfunction and rising yields
U.S. Dollar Global reserve share declining Long-term bearish, but remains the anchor currency in the short term
Renminbi Global reserve share ~2% Potential to rise, but requires significant reforms

Investment Implications

1. Increase allocation to gold: With continued central bank buying, the U.S. Treasury supply shock, and rising geopolitical risks, gold prices have the potential for an upside squeeze in the second half of 2023. This is the first time in history that all factors favorable to gold—liquidity risk, credit tightening, Treasury market dysfunction, bond volatility, inflation, and regional banking stress—have converged within such a short time window (two quarters).

2. Be wary of U.S. Treasury market risks: Investors should closely monitor the MOVE index and the Bloomberg liquidity index. If the market cannot absorb the $2 trillion in net issuance, it could trigger asset price declines and liquidity tightening, further exacerbating banking stress, which in turn would support gold.

3. Monitor the renminbi internationalization process: Although the renminbi is unlikely to challenge the dollar in the short term, China's initiatives to settle oil imports in renminbi may accelerate reserve diversification, indirectly boosting demand for gold as a neutral reserve asset.