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SprottDeep research15 Sep 2025Source: sprott.com

Steel Meets Rising Global Electricity Demand

Sprott is a Toronto-headquartered asset manager specializing in precious metals and critical materials (NYSE/TSX: SII), tracing its roots to Sprott Securities founded by Eric Sprott in 1981 and now led by CEO Whitney George. It runs physical gold, silver and uranium trusts, ETFs, active strategies and resource lending, with about $65bn in AUM. The Insights column carries monthly commentaries and white papers on uranium, gold, silver, copper and critical materials by Paul Wong, Jacob White and John Hathaway (ex-Tocqueville gold manager) — note the house's structurally bullish commodity stance, as it sells the corresponding trusts and ETFs.

Eric Sprott、Whitney George · 1981 · 加拿大多伦多Precious metals & critical materials

In plain words

This report explains why steel is essential for the global shift to electricity, from wind turbines to EV charging grids. Most people overlook it. "Green steel"—made with cleaner energy—currently accounts for less than 1% of all steel but could grow over 50% annually. For everyday investors, that means potential growth in companies leading that shift. But there's risk: China produces more than half the world's steel, so any supply disruption could drive prices sharply higher. It's worth reading because it highlights a hidden but concrete opportunity tied to the energy transition.

AI SummaryAI-generated · may contain errors · verify against the original

Sprott’s report points out that steel is an indispensable critical material for global electrification. It projects that global electricity demand will grow by 169% from 2023 to 2050, with steel playing a central role in infrastructure, transportation, and power grids. China currently produces over

~7 min full read · 10 sections
Deep Analysis

Theme and Background

This chapter focuses on the central role of steel in the global electrification process, highlighting that steel is an indispensable foundational material for meeting future electricity demand. The report emphasizes that although steel is often overlooked, it plays a critical role in infrastructure, transportation, and grid construction, especially against the backdrop of a projected substantial increase in global electricity demand.

Core Thesis

The author's core investment argument is: Steel is the "invisible champion" of the electrification era, and its strategic importance is underestimated by the market. Counterintuitive judgments include:

  • China's dominance is misunderstood: China produces over 50% of the world's steel, but 50 years ago, the US, Europe, and Russia accounted for nearly 90%. This structural shift implies both supply chain risks and investment opportunities.
  • Green steel is a "high-growth, low-penetration" blue ocean: Currently, green steel accounts for less than 1% of total production, but its CAGR is projected at 21.4% (conservative) to 56% (aggressive) from 2025 to 2030, far exceeding the overall steel market's 2.6%.
  • Steel demand in renewable energy is severely underestimated: Wind turbines are 66%-79% steel, solar requires 35-45 tons per megawatt, and electric vehicles contain approximately 1,200 kg of steel.

Key Arguments and Data

1. Electricity demand driver: The IEA projects global electricity demand will grow by 169% from 2023 to 2050, with steel serving as the foundation for supporting grids, power generation, and storage.

2. China's dominance:

  • In 2023, China's steel production exceeded the combined output of the rest of the world.
  • 50 years ago, the US, Europe, and Russia accounted for nearly 90%; in 2023, the US accounted for less than 5%.

3. Green steel market:

  • The global green steel market was valued at $6.2 billion in 2024, projected to reach $20 billion by 2030 (CAGR 21.4%).
  • Aggressive forecast: $130 billion by 2030 (CAGR 56%).
  • The overall steel market was $1.47 trillion in 2024, projected to reach $1.92 trillion by 2030 (CAGR 2.6%).

4. Steel usage in renewable energy:

  • Wind turbines: 66%-79% steel.
  • Solar: 35-45 tons of steel per megawatt.
  • Electric vehicles: approximately 1,200 kg of steel per vehicle, of which 40-100 kg is specialty electrical steel.

5. Green steel technologies:

  • Hydrogen-based direct reduction (H₂) produces only water vapor, with zero carbon emissions.
  • Electric arc furnaces (EAF) utilize scrap steel, reducing energy consumption by over 60%.
  • By 2040, green steel technologies are expected to reduce the industry's CO₂ emissions by over 40%.

6. Recycling rates:

  • 100% of structural steel is recyclable, with recycling saving over 60% of energy.
  • The overall steel recycling rate is 81%, reaching 98% in some construction sectors.

Comparative Data Table:

Indicator Green Steel Overall Steel
2024 Market Size $6.2 billion $1.47 trillion
2030 Market Size (Conservative) $20 billion $1.92 trillion
2025-2030 CAGR (Conservative) 21.4% 2.6%
Share of Global Steel in 2030 (Conservative) 1.30% 100%
2025-2030 CAGR (Aggressive) 56% -

Companies/Assets Involved

  • Chinese steel enterprises (not specifically named): China produces over 50% of the world's steel, making it the largest producer and consumer.
  • European green steel enterprises (not specifically named): Europe dominates demand for green steel and is the primary beneficiary of policy-driven initiatives.
  • Global steel industry: The overall market grows slowly (CAGR 2.6%), but the green steel segment exhibits remarkable growth rates.

Investment Implications

  • Go long on green steel: Green steel is the most growth-potential segment within the steel industry, with a projected CAGR of 21.4%-56% from 2025 to 2030, far exceeding the overall steel market. Investors should focus on companies leading in hydrogen-based direct reduction and electric arc furnace technologies.
  • Monitor China's supply chain risks: China dominates global steel supply, but policy-driven domestic recycling and green transformation could reshape the landscape. Western countries like the US are reducing reliance on China by incentivizing domestic production and recycling.
  • Long-term bullish on steel demand: Electrification, AI, data centers, and reindustrialization will drive sustained growth in steel demand, particularly for high-end varieties such as specialty electrical steel and weathering steel.

Theme and Background

This chapter focuses on the critical role of high-performance steel in grid upgrades and energy storage systems, while delving into the geopolitical risks of the global steel supply chain. The author argues that, driven by surging electricity demand and accelerating decarbonization, steel has transformed from a basic industrial commodity into a strategic asset tied to economic resilience and energy security.

Core Thesis

The author’s core investment thesis is: Early adopters of green steel will benefit from a fast-growing, policy-driven niche market. The report emphasizes that steel is no longer a mere industrial commodity but a "skeleton key" for the energy transition, and that its supply chain concentration (China accounts for over 50% of global crude steel output) and decarbonization pathways will reshape the global competitive landscape.

Key Arguments and Data

1. Clear Demand for Grid Upgrades: High-performance steel provides a corrosion-resistant framework for transmission towers and utility poles, and drives the development of advanced steel-core conductors to reduce energy losses. A report from the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) shows that 888 miles of 345 kV and above transmission lines were built in 2024.

2. Energy Storage Systems Depend on Steel: Steel is used in lithium-ion battery casings, gravity energy storage (utilizing scrap metal), thermal energy storage (TES) tanks, and CO₂ storage units integrated with turbines.

3. Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: After the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, surging demand combined with supply bottlenecks drove steel prices to historic highs. Currently, U.S. Section 232 tariffs and the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) have reshaped supply chains, with carbon regulations putting traditional high-emission producers at a disadvantage.

4. Geopolitics of Green Steel: Countries with abundant renewable energy resources (e.g., Nordic nations, Australia, the Middle East) are positioning themselves as future hubs for low-carbon steel production. Governments are reducing exposure to overseas supply shocks and carbon penalties through localization and recycling strategies.

Key Comparative Data:

Metric Data
China’s share of global crude steel output >50%
New U.S. 345kV+ transmission lines in 2024 888 miles
Steel price trend in 2021 Soared to historic highs due to supply-demand imbalance

Companies/Assets Involved

  • U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC): As a regulatory body, its data on transmission line construction (888 miles) serves as direct evidence of grid investment activity.
  • Green Steel Producers (not specifically named): The author is bullish. The report argues that rising demand for low-carbon materials from automakers, construction firms, and renewable energy developers, combined with carbon pricing and government procurement standards, will create an "emerging and impactful growth area."

Investment Implications

  • Focus on Green Steel Producers: Companies that adopt low-carbon processes early may command pricing premiums and preferential access to capital, especially under the EU CBAM and U.S. tariff barriers.
  • Beware of Supply Chain Concentration Risk: China’s dominance in steel supply and Brazil/Australia’s monopoly on iron ore mean that geopolitical events or sudden trade policy shifts could trigger sharp price volatility (as seen in the 2021 scenario).
  • Grid and Energy Storage Offer Definite Demand: The rigid demand for steel from transmission line expansion (FERC data) and energy storage systems (gravity, thermal, battery) provides a long-term growth foundation for related material suppliers.