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SprottDeep research2 Dec 2025Source: sprott.com

Lithium Gains Momentum in 2025

Sprott is a Toronto-headquartered asset manager specializing in precious metals and critical materials (NYSE/TSX: SII), tracing its roots to Sprott Securities founded by Eric Sprott in 1981 and now led by CEO Whitney George. It runs physical gold, silver and uranium trusts, ETFs, active strategies and resource lending, with about $65bn in AUM. The Insights column carries monthly commentaries and white papers on uranium, gold, silver, copper and critical materials by Paul Wong, Jacob White and John Hathaway (ex-Tocqueville gold manager) — note the house's structurally bullish commodity stance, as it sells the corresponding trusts and ETFs.

Eric Sprott、Whitney George · 1981 · 加拿大多伦多Precious metals & critical materials

In plain words

This report says lithium prices are up 25% in 2025 as the market turns bullish. Beyond EVs, data centers (like Google's backup batteries) are creating new demand. Oil giants and governments are investing in lithium mines, signaling long-term support. For regular investors, look at North American and European lithium developers, but watch out: China controls 60% of refining, so policy shifts can cause swings. Worth reading because lithium demand is diversifying beyond EVs.

AI SummaryAI-generated · may contain errors · verify against the original

Sprott’s report indicates that lithium market sentiment turned bullish in 2025, with lithium carbonate prices rising 25.73% year-to-date as of November 30, driven by electric vehicle demand, declining inventories, and tighter Chinese regulations (such as CATL shutting down major lithium mines). The

~7 min full read · 10 sections
Deep Analysis

Theme and Background

This chapter focuses on the bullish sentiment shift in the lithium market in 2025, analyzing the drivers of the price rebound, new demand growth areas (data centers), and strategic investment trends amid global supply chain restructuring. The report argues that despite uncertainties in U.S. policy, price stability, industry consolidation, and Chinese stimulus measures should support long-term growth prospects.

Core Thesis

The author’s central judgment is that the lithium market has turned bullish in 2025, and the market surplus may shift to a deficit sooner than expected. The counterintuitive point is that, despite headwinds from U.S. electric vehicle policy, the U.S. government has explicitly designated lithium as a critical resource by investing in Lithium Americas’ Thacker Pass project (holding a 5% stake), sending a strong signal to the market. Additionally, the entry of oil majors (Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Halliburton) into the lithium industry marks a turning point.

Key Arguments and Data

1. Price Rebound: As of November 30, 2025, lithium carbonate prices have risen 25.73% year-to-date. Drivers of the rebound include strong demand growth, inventory reductions, and regulatory tightening (CATL shutting down a major Chinese lithium mine, government restrictions on low-price sales).

2. Demand Structure Changes:

  • EV batteries account for over 85% of lithium demand, with each EV battery containing an average of 10 kg of lithium.
  • By 2035, EVs and grid storage will account for 91% of lithium demand.
  • Data centers emerge as a new growth driver: Global data center electricity demand is expected to grow 2.5 times by 2030; Google uses over 100 million lithium-ion batteries in its global data centers, halving data center footprint while doubling power and lifespan.

3. Global Supply Landscape:

Indicator Data
Top three global lithium producers Australia, Chile, China
China’s share of global lithium refining 60%
Number of U.S. battery gigafactories (2019) 2 (plus 2 planned)
Number of U.S. battery gigafactories (2025) 34 (planned/under construction/operational)
Committed investments by automakers and battery manufacturers Nearly $112 billion
Annual capacity of all factories at full production (2030) 1,200 GWh (enough to support ~18 million EVs)
Global EV sales forecast for 2025 Over 20 million units, ~25% of new car sales
Global EV sales growth rate for 2025 27% year-over-year

4. Strategic Investment Cases:

  • U.S.: Government holds a 5% stake in Lithium Americas’ Thacker Pass project.
  • Oil Majors: Chevron and Exxon Mobil have acquired lithium mineral rights in the Smackover Formation (spanning from Florida to Texas); Halliburton plans to build a geothermal-driven lithium mine in Texas, targeting 83,500 tons of capacity by 2029.
  • Europe: Germany provides €104 million to Vulcan Energy Resources to support domestic lithium production.

Companies/Assets Involved

Company/Asset Role Key Data Bullish/Bearish
Lithium Americas (Thacker Pass) One of the largest U.S. lithium projects U.S. government holds 5% stake Bullish (government endorsement)
CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd.) Chinese lithium mine operator Shut down major Chinese lithium mine, driving price increases Neutral (event-driven)
Chevron / Exxon Mobil Oil majors entering lithium industry Acquired mineral rights in Smackover Formation Bullish (capital + operational capability)
Halliburton Oilfield services firm transitioning to lithium production Plans geothermal lithium mine in Texas, 83,500-ton target by 2029 Bullish
Vulcan Energy Resources European lithium developer Received €104 million in German funding Bullish (policy support)
Google Major user of lithium-ion batteries in data centers Uses over 100 million lithium-ion batteries in global data centers Bullish (demand driver)

Investment Implications

  • Go long on lithium mining stocks: Prices have rebounded from the bottom but remain near the cost curve, with structural support (reshoring, EV acceleration, data center demand) providing a margin of safety.
  • Focus on North American and European lithium developers: Government strategic investments and oil major entry indicate supply chain security is a priority, with reducing dependence on China being a long-term trend.
  • Beware of geopolitical risks: China controls 60% of refining capacity, and events like CATL’s production halt can trigger sharp price volatility; geographic diversification is necessary.
  • Data center lithium demand is an incremental catalyst: The Google case shows technology substitution is accelerating, and the adoption of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in data centers will create additional demand.

Theme and Background

This chapter discusses the current state of the lithium market following the extreme price peak in 2022. The report argues that while historically high price levels are unlikely to recur, the market has moved beyond the violent swings caused by supply-demand imbalances and entered a new phase characterized by improving fundamentals and inventory normalization. The explosive growth in data center demand is emerging as a new support for lithium prices.

Core Thesis

The author’s core judgment is that the lithium market has entered a new chapter driven by strategic investment and innovation, with lithium playing a long-term core role across electric vehicles, defense, and data centers. The counterintuitive point is that the report believes demand growth from the non-traditional data center sector is providing structural support for lithium prices, rather than relying solely on electric vehicles as the single driver.

Key Arguments and Data

  • Price History: The extreme peak at the end of 2022 (lithium carbonate prices once exceeded 800,000 yuan/ton) is unlikely to recur, but price volatility over the past five years shows that supply-demand imbalances can lead to violent swings in both directions.
  • Current State: Prices are recovering (as of November 30, 2025, lithium carbonate prices rose 25.73% year-to-date), fundamentals are strengthening, and inventories are normalizing.
  • Data Center Demand: The report uses Figure 5 (specific values not provided) to illustrate that data center growth is providing support for lithium prices. Earlier in the report, it was mentioned that Google uses over 100 million lithium-ion batteries in data centers globally, and global data center electricity demand is expected to grow 2.5 times by 2030.

Companies/Assets Involved

This chapter does not name specific companies, but in the context of the report, the following assets are related to data center lithium demand:

  • Google: Has deployed lithium-ion batteries on a large scale for data center backup power (over 100 million batteries), serving as a typical case of demand growth.
  • CATL: A major Chinese lithium miner, previously shut down a key lithium mine due to tighter regulation, impacting the supply side.
  • Lithium producers in Australia, Chile, and China (as the world’s three largest lithium-producing countries) stand to benefit from demand diversification.

Investment Implications

  • Focus on Data Center Lithium Demand: Investors should look beyond the single lens of electric vehicles and view data center backup power and energy storage systems as new growth poles for lithium demand. Related lithium miners and battery manufacturers may gain additional valuation premiums.
  • Position for Long-Term Strategic Investment: The United States, Europe, and large energy companies are making long-term investments to secure lithium supply and reduce dependence on China. Investors can focus on lithium mining projects in North America and Australia, as well as battery recycling technology companies.
  • Beware of Policy Uncertainty: U.S. policies (such as adjustments to the IRA) may bring short-term volatility, but price stability, industry consolidation, and Chinese stimulus measures should support long-term growth. It is recommended to accumulate high-quality lithium mining stocks on dips.