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azvalor Asset ManagementArticle19 Aug 2019Source: azvalor.com

Quarterly letter 2Q2019

azvalor Asset Management is a Madrid deep-value boutique founded in 2015 by Álvaro Guzmán de Lázaro and Fernando Bernad, formerly the core of Bestinver's investment team in the Graham tradition. It is known for contrarian concentration in unloved cyclical assets — gold and silver miners, oil services, uranium — buying into panic and exiting once value is realized. Its flagship international fund is about 70% of firm AUM and has more than tripled since inception a decade ago; letters were quarterly from 2016-2022 and semiannual since 2023.

Álvaro Guzmán de Lázaro、Fernando Bernad · 2015 · 西班牙马德里Deep value / Cyclical contrarian

In plain words

This report says that in early 2019, the stock market was full of hype—companies like Beyond Meat had sky-high prices but no profits. Azvalor's fund, however, bought cheap, ignored stocks (like uranium miners and oil services) that were actually improving. Their performance lagged behind the market, but the author argues this is like the 2000 dot-com bubble: popular stocks are overpriced, and their own holdings are undervalued. For regular investors, the takeaway is to avoid chasing trendy stocks and instead look at out-of-favor industries (like energy) that might bounce back.

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Azvalor's letter to investors discusses the fund's performance in the first half of 2019 and since its inception at the end of 2015. The core view is that the current market is experiencing an unprecedented speculative bubble, with stock markets being expensive and fixed-income markets showing a his

~11 min full read · 15 sections
Deep Analysis

Theme and Background

This chapter discusses the performance of the Azvalor fund in the first half of 2019 and provides an in-depth analysis of the current market environment. The report notes that although the fund's performance has lagged its benchmark in the short term (the international portfolio returned +0.1% year-to-date versus the benchmark's +12.3%; the Iberian portfolio returned -1.1% versus the benchmark's +5.4%), the author believes the market is experiencing an unprecedented speculative bubble, highly reminiscent of the 2000 dot-com bubble. The core backdrop is that stock markets are expensive, fixed-income markets are experiencing a historic bubble, valuation dispersion has reached extreme levels, and Azvalor's portfolio is attractively valued.

Core Thesis

The author's core investment argument is: the current market exhibits systemic irrationality and rampant speculative sentiment, but Azvalor's portfolio holds long-term value, and short-term market mispricing will ultimately be corrected. Counterintuitive judgments include:

  • The market views an economic slowdown as positive (due to expectations of stimulus policies) rather than a risk.
  • The excessive share of passive investing (accounting for 60% of the value of the U.S. stock market) has caused the market to detach from fundamentals.
  • Negative-yielding bonds (25% of global bonds) and the ESG phenomenon have led to the neglect of key industries, creating mispricing.
  • Oil prices have risen 110% from their 2016 lows, yet the oilfield services sector has fallen 40%, indicating an extreme divergence.

Key Arguments and Data

The author cites multiple data points to support the judgment of a speculative bubble:

Indicator Data
Total value of U.S. stocks and fixed-income markets as a percentage of GDP Reached a peak in 2018 not seen since 1940, and surpassed it in 2019
Passive asset management as a share of U.S. stock market value 60% (per JP Morgan)
Share of global bonds with negative nominal yields 25% (including some European junk bonds)
Share of IPOs from loss-making companies in 2018 Reached 80% in some quarters, the highest since the dot-com bubble
Beyond Meat valuation Market cap of $14 billion, annual sales of $240 million, price-to-sales ratio of approximately 60x, and loss-making
Stock options as a percentage of sales for select tech companies 20% to 60% (Dropbox, Twilio, Splunk, Workday, etc.)
Total market cap of FANGMAN (Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Nvidia) Equivalent to half the total market cap of all listed companies in the UK, Germany, and France combined
Crude oil price increase from 2016 lows 110%
Oilfield services sector performance over the same period Down 40%
Dot-com bubble case: Sun Microsystems Stock price rose from $5 to $64 (1996-2000), then fell back to $5, with a peak price-to-sales ratio of 10x
Dot-com bubble case: Terra Stock price rose from €3-4 to over €160, then fell to €1

The author also emphasizes that the fundamentals of many portfolio holdings are improving, yet their stock prices are declining, providing "clues" that the market lacks "calculation" and insight.

Companies/Assets Involved

Company/Asset Role Key Data Bullish/Bearish
Beyond Meat Typical representative of speculative bubble Market cap $14B, annual sales $240M, P/S 60x, loss-making Bearish
WeWork, Tesla, Uber, Crowdstrike Cases of overvaluation and underestimated risk No specific data provided Bearish
Dropbox, Twilio, Splunk, Workday Cases of stock option abuse Option costs as % of sales: 20%-60% Bearish
FANGMAN (Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, Google, Microsoft, Apple, Nvidia) Market concentration risk Total market cap equals half of all listed companies in UK, Germany, and France combined Bearish (implied)
Telefónica "Darling" of the dot-com era No specific data provided, but used as a case of bubble burst Neutral (historical case)
Catalana Occidente Representative of "old economy" companies No specific data provided, but used as a case of value recovery after bubble burst Bullish (implied)
Oilfield services sector (not specifically named) Neglected cheap asset Oil up 110%, sector down 40% Bullish (implied)

Investment Implications

  • Avoid high-valuation, loss-making "story" companies: Such as Beyond Meat, WeWork, Tesla, etc., whose valuations are detached from fundamentals and whose risks are severely underestimated.
  • Beware of mispricing caused by passive investing and ESG: The excessive share of passive capital and ESG biases have led to the systematic undervaluation of key industries like energy and oilfield services, potentially offering contrarian investment opportunities.
  • Focus on the extreme divergence between oil prices and the oilfield services sector: With oil prices up 110% and the oilfield services sector down 40%, this extreme divergence may indicate that the oilfield services sector has been oversold, with potential for value reversion.
  • Adhere to value investing and ignore short-term noise: Azvalor believes its portfolio is cheaply valued with improving fundamentals, and short-term market irrationality will eventually be corrected; investors should remain patient.

Theme and Background

This chapter focuses on the latest fundamental changes and market pricing dislocations in four heavy holdings (Cameco, Buenaventura, Tullow Oil, Consol Energy) within the Azvalor international portfolio. The report argues that despite the recent sharp declines in these companies' stock prices, the supply-demand dynamics in their respective industries are improving, or prices have reached unsustainably low levels, presenting contrarian investment opportunities.

Core Views

  • The uranium market recovery signal is clear, but Cameco's stock price has fallen to historical lows, reflecting excessive market pessimism.
  • The decline in Buenaventura's copper production is a temporary factor, and the rise in gold/silver prices has yet to be reflected in the stock price.
  • Tullow Oil's stock price decline is driven by short-term technical issues, while exploration success in Guyana alone could contribute significant value.
  • Consol Energy's coal price collapse is unsustainable; as the most efficient producer, its valuation has fallen to just 2 times 2019 earnings.
  • The overall portfolio valuation is at historically extreme levels (similar to 2000 and 2009), and the report argues this represents a historic investment opportunity.

Key Arguments and Data

Company Recent Stock Price Decline Current Valuation Key Fundamental Improvement Signals
Cameco Down 22% in the past month, over 80% below historical highs Normalized P/E of 6.5x, debt-free Uranium demand has exceeded pre-Fukushima levels; China/India accelerating nuclear plant construction; long-term contract prices significantly above spot; major producers maintaining supply discipline
Buenaventura Down over 10% from recent high of $17.5 No specific multiple given, but stated to be far below value Gold/silver prices rebounding; Cerro Verde copper mine production decline is a one-time stripping operation, expected to improve shortly
Tullow Oil Down 25% from 2018 highs, once fell 35% Below 6.5 times earnings Slightly lower Ghana production due to technical issues; Uganda project approval delayed; Guyana exploration success could independently impact value
Consol Energy Down 44% year-to-date, hitting all-time lows 3 times normalized earnings, 2 times 2019 earnings US natural gas prices have fallen to extremely low levels seen in 2016, but this is unsustainable (100% of producers are losing money); the company is the most efficient coal producer and has announced a stock buyback program

Overall Portfolio Data:

  • International portfolio FCF yield: 14%
  • Iberian portfolio FCF yield: 11%
  • The report argues that by taking advantage of excessive stock price declines to increase holdings, the estimated value of the international portfolio has increased by +4%

Companies/Assets Involved

  • Cameco (International portfolio weight 7.72%): Bullish. The uranium market is recovering, but the stock is severely undervalued.
  • Buenaventura Mining Company (International portfolio weight 10.65%): Bullish. Has achieved approximately 30% positive returns, but the gold/silver rebound is not yet fully reflected.
  • Tullow Oil (International portfolio weight 6.45%): Bullish. Valuation implies a long-term oil price of $45/barrel, which the report considers highly unlikely.
  • Consol Energy (International portfolio weight 6.56%): Bullish. The highest-quality coal company with extremely cheap valuation; buybacks will create value.

Investment Implications

  • Traditional energy sectors such as uranium, oil & gas, and coal are currently being systematically abandoned by the market, but supply-demand fundamentals are improving, or prices have fallen below the cost lines of most producers, making long-term mean reversion highly probable.
  • Investors should focus on the disconnect between company-specific temporary negative factors (e.g., one-time production issues) and long-term structural industry changes, which is the core opportunity for contrarian value investing.
  • The current portfolio valuation levels (FCF yield of 11%-14%) have only been seen in 2000 and 2009, suggesting that the present may be a similar historic buying window.

Theme and Background

This chapter focuses on the confidence of the Azvalor fund management team in the current portfolio, as well as the fund manager's validation of their investment judgment through concrete actions (increasing fund holdings). The report aims to convey to investors the management's strong conviction in the long-term returns of the portfolio.

Core Thesis

The author's core argument is that despite unfavorable market conditions, the fund management team is highly confident in the potential of the companies within the portfolio, viewing the current environment as a "historic investment opportunity." A counterintuitive judgment is that management proves its point through personal increases in fund holdings ("skin in the game"), rather than relying on short-term market performance.

Key Arguments and Data

  • Management Confidence: Fund manager Javier Sáenz de Cenzano recently personally increased his fund holdings, indicating a strong alignment of interests with investors.
  • Product Expansion: A "clone" version of the fund has been launched in Luxembourg, providing international investors with a new investment channel.
  • Management Actions: The report emphasizes that management validates its judgment through "skin in the game" (i.e., personal capital investment), believing the portfolio represents a "historic investment opportunity."

Companies/Assets Involved

  • Azvalor Managers: The fund's management entity. Key data: The fund manager personally increased fund holdings; a "clone" version of the fund was launched in Luxembourg.
  • Javier Sáenz de Cenzano: Head of Azvalor Managers, who expressed confidence by personally increasing fund holdings.
  • Fernando Bernad: Founding partner and co-director of investments at Azvalor, who reiterated management's long-term confidence in the portfolio in a letter.

Investment Implications

  • Implications for Investors: Management's personal increase in fund holdings signals that they believe current valuations are attractive. Investors should pay attention to this signal, but note that this judgment is based on a long-term perspective, and short-term market volatility may persist.
  • Specific Direction: The report suggests that now is an opportune time to increase holdings in the fund (especially its international and Iberian portfolios), but investors must tolerate short-term underperformance relative to the benchmark (year-to-date return of only +0.1%, versus the benchmark's +12.3%).